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This test measures the amount of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin (UFH) in the blood by measuring anti-Xa activity. Heparin is an anticoagulant, a drug that inhibits blood clotting. Heparin molecules vary in size and activity. UFH includes a broad range of sizes, while LMWH consists of a narrower range of smaller heparin molecules. There are several types of LMWH available and each one is slightly different. Both UFH and LMWH are given intravenous or through a subcutaneous injection to people who have inappropriate blood clots (thrombi) and/or are at an increased risk of developing them.