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Vitamin B12 & Folate:

These tests measure the concentration of folate and vitamin B12 in the liquid portion of the blood, the serum. The amount of folate inside the red blood cell (RBC) may also be measured it will normally be at a higher concentration inside the cell than in the serum.

B12 and folate are both part of the B complex of vitamins. Folate is found in leafy green vegetables, citrus fruits, dry beans and peas, liver, and yeast; B12 is found in animal products such as red meat, fish, poultry, milk, and eggs.

In recent years, fortified cereals, breads, and other grain products have also become important dietary sources of B12 and folate (identified as “folic acid” on nutritional labels).

B12 and folate importance

are necessary for normal RBC formation, tissue and cellular repair, and DNA synthesis. B12 is also important for nerve health, while folate is necessary for cell division such as is seen in a fetus during pregnancy. A deficiency in either B12 or folate can lead to macrocytic anemia. Also called megaloblastic anemia, this condition is characterized by the production of fewer, but larger, RBCs called macrocytes. Macrocytes tend to have a shorter life span than normal RBCs and are more likely to hemolyze, leading to fatigue, weakness, and other symptoms of anemia. B12 deficiency can also lead to varying degrees of neuropathy, nerve damage that can cause tingling and numbness in the patient’s hands and feet. Folate deficiency during early pregnancy can increase the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida in a growing fetus.

Causes of B12 and Folate deficiencies

1-Celiac disease
2-Reduced stomach acid production (stomach acid is necessary to separate B12 from the protein in food)
3-Surgery that removes part of the stomach (and the parietal cells) or the intestines may greatly decrease absorption.
4-Bacterial overgrowth in the stomach and intestines

حمض الفوليك وفيتامين B12

هذا الاختبار يقيس تركيز حمض الفوليك وفيتامين
B12
في الجزء السائل من الدم والسيرم. ويمكن أيضا ان يقيس حمض الفوليك داخل خلايا الدم الحمراء
وداخل الخلية عادة يكون أعلى تركيز من السيرم.
يمكن الحصول على حمض الفوليك في الخضراوات الورقية الخضراء والحمضيات والبقول الجافة والبازلاء ، والكبد ، والخميرة
يوجد B12 في المنتجات الحيوانية مثل اللحوم الحمراء والأسماك والدواجن والحليب والبيض
اهمية حمض الفوليك وفيتامين B12 ضرورية لتكوين كرات الدم الحمراء ، وإصلاح الأنسجة الخلوية ، وتوليف الحمض النووي.

B12 مهم أيضا لصحة الأعصاب ، في حين أن حمض الفوليك ضروري لانقسام الخلايا مثل التى تتكون بالجنين اثناء فترة الحمل ونقص كل من B12 أو حمض الفوليك يؤدي إلى فقر دم كبير

أسباب نقص B12 وحامض الفوليك

1-مرض الاضطرابات الهضمية
2-انخفاض إنتاج حمض المعدة
3-استئصال جزءا من المعدة
4-فرط البكتيريا في المعدة والأمعاء

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